The Twelfth Amendment. Election of the President and Vice President

Electors cast separate ballots for President and Vice President.

VotingProposed 1803Ratified June 15, 1804

What it does: Electors cast separate ballots for President and Vice President.
What led to it: Followed the 1800 election, in which Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in electoral votes and the House of Representatives decided the outcome.
Time to ratify: 1 year from proposal to ratification.
Era: The early republic (1801–1849)
Source: National Archives: the amendment’s text and ratification

Around 1804. What else was in the record.

Decisions and events within six years of ratification.

1798

Alien and Sedition Acts

Rights and powers · July 14, 1798 · Restriction of rights

Four laws passed during the undeclared naval war with France extend the residency period for naturalization, authorize deportation of non-citizens, and make it a crime to publish “false, scandalous and malicious writing” against the government.

Source: National Archives

1803

Marbury v. Madison

Landmark cases · 5 U.S. 137 (1803) · 4–0

Yes. A law repugnant to the Constitution is void, and it is the duty of the courts to say what the law is. The Court held part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional.

Source: Opinion of the Court